October 7, Feast of the Most Holy Rosary
Liturgical Year,
Dom Gueranger
IT is customary with men of the world to balance their
accounts at the end of the year, and ascertain their profits. The Church is now
preparing to do the same, as the Liturgical Year approaches its end. To-day’s reckoning
is a solemn one: Holy Mother Church opens her balance-sheet with the gain
accruing to our Lady from the mysteries which compose the cycle. Christmas, the
cross, the triumph of Jesus, these produce the holiness of us all; but before
and above all, the holiness of Mary. The diadem which the Church thus offers
first to the august Sovereign of the world, is rightly composed of the triple
crown of these sanctifying mysteries, the causes of her joy, of her sorrow, and
of her glory. The joyful mysteries recall the Annunciation, the Visitation, the
Birth of Jesus, Mary’s Purification, and the Finding of our Lord in the temple.
The sorrowful mysteries bring before us the Agony of our blessed Lord, His
being scourged, and crowned with thorns, the carrying of the cross, and the
Crucifixion. While, in the glorious mysteries, we contemplate the Resurrection
and Ascension of our Saviour, Pentecost, and the Assumption and Coronation of
the Mother of God. Such is Mary’s rosary; a new and fruitful vine, which began
to blossom at Gabriel’s salutation, and whose fragrant garlands form a link
between earth and heaven.
In its present
form, the rosary was made known to the world by St. Dominic at the time of the
struggles with the Albigensians, that social war of such ill-omen for the
Church. The rosary was then of more avail than armed forces against the power
of Satan; it is now the Church’s last resource. It would seem that, the ancient
forms of social prayer being no longer relished by the people, the holy Spirit
has willed by this easy and ready summary of the liturgy to maintain, in the
isolated devotion of these unhappy times, the essential of that life of prayer,
faith, and Christian virtue, which the public celebration of the Divine Office
formerly kept up among the nations. Before the thirteenth century, popular
piety was already familiar with what was called the psalter of the laity, that
is, the angelical salutation repeated one hundred and fifty times; it was the
distribution of these Hail Marys into decades, each devoted to the
consideration of a particular mystery that constituted the rosary. Such was the
divine expedient, simple as the eternal Wisdom that conceived it, and
far-reaching in its effects; for while it led wandering man to the Queen of Mercy,
it removed ignorance which is the food of heresy, and taught him to find once
more ‘the paths consecrated by the Blood of the Man-God, and by the tears of
His Mother." Thus speaks the great Pontiff who, in the universal sorrow of
these days, has again pointed out the means of salvation more than once
experienced by our fathers. Leo XIII, in his encyclicals, has consecrated the
present month to this devotion so dear to heaven; he has honoured our Lady in
her litanies with a new title, Queen of the most holy rosary.
The feast is a
memorial of glorious victories, which do honour to the Christian name. Soliman
II, the greatest of the Sultans, taking advantage of the confusion caused in
the
west by Luther, had filled the sixteenth century with terror by his
exploits. He left to his son, Selim II, the prospect of being able at length to
carry out the ambition of his race: to subjugate Rome and Vienna, the Pope and
the emperor, to the power of the crescent. The Turkish fleet had already
mastered the greater part of the Mediterranean, and was threatening Italy,
when, on October 7, 1571, it came into action, in the Gulf of Lepanto, with the
pontifical alleys supported by the fleets of Spain and Venice. It was Sunday; throughout
the world the confraternities of the rosary were engaged in their work of intercession.
Supernaturally enlightened, St. Pius V watched from the Vatican the battle
undertaken by the leader he had chosen, Don John of Austria, against the three
hundred vessels of Islam. The illustrious Pontiff, whose life’s work was now
completed, did not survive to celebrate the anniversary of the triumph; but he
perpetuated the memory of it by an annual commemoration of our Lady of Victory.
His successor, Gregory XIII, altered this title to Our Lady of the Rosary, and
appointed the first Sunday of October for the new feast, authorizing its
celebration in those churches which possessed an altar under that invocation. [The feast is now universally celebrated on
October 7.] A century and a half later, this limited concession was made
general. As Innocent XI, in memory of the deliverance of Vienna by Sobieski,
had extended the feast of the most holy name of Mary to the whole Church; so,
in 1716, Clement XI inscribed the feast of the rosary on the universal
calendar, in gratitude for the victory gained by Prince Eugene at Peterwardein,
on August 5, under the auspices of our Lady of the snow. This victory was
followed by the raising of the siege of Corfu, and completed a year later by
the taking of Belgrade.
Our Lady’s
mysteries are before all time in God’s sight, like those of her divine Son;
like
these they will endure for all eternity; like them they rule the ages,
which circle round the Word and Mary, preparing for both in the days of figures,
perpetuating their presence by the incessant glorification of the most holy
Trinity, in whose name all Christian are baptized. Now the rosary honours all
this series of mysteries; to-day’s feast is a glance back upon the cycle as it
draws to its close. From these mysteries, from this view of them, we must draw
the conclusion formulated by our Lady herself in this passage from Proverbs,
which the Church applies to her: ‘Now therefore, my children, consider my ways;
imitate me, that you may find happiness.’ Blessed is he that watcheth at her
gate! Let us pray to her, rosary in hand, considering her at the same time,
meditating on her life and her greatness, and watching, were it but for a
quarter of an hour, at the entrance to the palace of this incomparable Queen.
The more faithful we are, the more assured will be our salvation and our
progress in true life.
No comments:
Post a Comment